Estatutos Seleccionados: Oklahoma

A. A court shall not terminate the rights of a parent to a child unless:

1. The child has been adjudicated to be deprived either prior to or concurrently with a proceeding to terminate parental rights; and

2. Termination of parental rights is in the best interests of the child.

B. The court may terminate the rights of a parent to a child based upon the following legal grounds:

1. Upon the duly acknowledged written consent of a parent, who voluntarily agrees to termination of parental rights.

a. The voluntary consent for termination of parental rights shall be signed under oath and recorded before a judge of a court of competent jurisdiction and accompanied by the judge’s certificate that the terms and consequences of the consent were fully explained in detail in English and were fully understood by the parent or that the consent was translated into a language that the parent understood.

b. A voluntary consent for termination of parental rights is effective when it is signed and may not be revoked except upon clear and convincing evidence that the consent was executed by reason of fraud or duress.

c. However, notwithstanding the provisions in this paragraph, in any proceeding for a voluntary termination of parental rights to an Indian child, the consent of the parent may be withdrawn for any reason at any time prior to the entry of a final decree of termination. Any consent given prior to, or within ten (10) days after, the birth of an Indian child shall not be valid;

2. A finding that a parent who is entitled to custody of the child has abandoned the child;

3. A finding that the child is an abandoned infant;

4. A finding that the parent of a child:

a. has voluntarily placed physical custody of the child with the Department of Human Services or with a child-placing agency for out-of-home placement,

b. has not complied with the placement agreement, and

c. has not demonstrated during such period a firm intention to resume physical custody of the child or to make permanent legal arrangements for the care of the child;

5. A finding that:

a. the parent has failed to correct the condition which led to the deprived adjudication of the child, and

b. the parent has been given at least three (3) months to correct the condition;

6. A finding that:

a. the rights of the parent to another child have been terminated, and

b. the conditions that led to the prior termination of parental rights have not been corrected;

7. A finding that a parent who does not have custody of the child has, for at least six (6) out of the twelve (12) months immediately preceding the filing of the petition or motion for termination of parental rights, willfully failed or refused or has neglected to contribute to the support of the child:

a. as specified by an order entered by a court of competent jurisdiction adjudicating the duty, amount and manner of support, or

b. where an order of child support does not exist, according to the financial ability of the parent to contribute to the child’s support.

Incidental or token support shall not be construed or considered in establishing whether a parent has maintained or contributed to the support of the child;

8. A finding that the parent has been convicted in a court of competent jurisdiction in any state of any of the following acts:

a. permitting a child to participate in pornography,

b. rape, or rape by instrumentation,

c. lewd molestation of a child under sixteen (16) years of age,

d. child abuse or neglect,

e. enabling child abuse or neglect,

f. causing the death of a child as a result of the physical or sexual abuse or chronic abuse or chronic neglect of the child,

g. causing the death of a sibling of the child as a result of the physical or sexual abuse or chronic abuse or chronic neglect of the child’s sibling,

h. murder of any child or aiding or abetting, attempting, conspiring, or soliciting to commit murder of any child,

i. voluntary manslaughter of any child,

j. a felony assault that has resulted in serious bodily injury to the child or another child of the parents, or

k. murder or voluntary manslaughter of the child’s parent or aiding or abetting, attempting, conspiring, or soliciting to commit murder of the child’s parent;

9. A finding that the parent has abused or neglected any child or failed to protect any child from abuse or neglect that is heinous or shocking;

10. A finding that the parent has previously abused or neglected the child or a sibling of the child or failed to protect the child or a sibling of the child from abuse or neglect and the child or a sibling of the child has been subjected to subsequent abuse;

11. A finding that the child was conceived as a result of rape perpetrated by the parent whose rights are sought to be terminated;

12. A finding that the parent whose rights are sought to be terminated is incarcerated, and the continuation of parental rights would result in harm to the child based on consideration of the following factors, among others:

a. the duration of incarceration and its detrimental effect on the parent/child relationship,

b. any previous convictions resulting in involuntary confinement in a secure facility,

c. the parent’s history of criminal behavior, including crimes against children,

d. the age of the child,

e. any evidence of abuse or neglect or failure to protect from abuse or neglect of the child or siblings of the child by the parent,

f. the current relationship between the parent and the child, and

g. the manner in which the parent has exercised parental rights and duties in the past.

Provided, that the incarceration of a parent shall not in and of itself be sufficient to deprive a parent of parental rights;

13. A finding that all of the following exist:

a. the parent has a diagnosed cognitive disorder, an extreme physical incapacity, or a medical condition, including behavioral health, which renders the parent incapable of adequately and appropriately exercising parental rights, duties, and responsibilities within a reasonable time considering the age of the child, and

b. allowing the parent to have custody would cause the child actual harm or harm in the near future.

A parent’s refusal or pattern of noncompliance with treatment, therapy, medication, or assistance from outside the home can be used as evidence that the parent is incapable of adequately and appropriately exercising parental rights, duties, and responsibilities.

A finding that a parent has a diagnosed cognitive disorder, an extreme physical incapacity, or a medical condition, including behavioral health or substance dependency, shall not in and of itself deprive the parent of parental rights;

14. A finding that:

a. the condition that led to the deprived adjudication has been the subject of a previous deprived adjudication of this child or a sibling of this child, and

b. the parent has been given an opportunity to correct the conditions which led to the determination of the initial deprived child;

15. A finding that there exists a substantial erosion of the relationship between the parent and child caused at least in part by the parent’s serious or aggravated neglect of the child, physical or sexual abuse or exploitation of the child, a prolonged and unreasonable absence of the parent from the child or an unreasonable failure by the parent to visit or communicate in a meaningful way with the child;

16. A finding that a child four (4) years of age or older at the time of placement has been placed in foster care by the Department of Human Services for fifteen (15) of the most recent twenty-two (22) months preceding the filing of the petition or motion for termination of parental rights and the child cannot, at the time of the filing of the petition or motion, be safely returned to the home of the parent. For purposes of this paragraph, a child shall be considered to have entered foster care on the earlier of:

a. the adjudication date, or

b. the date that is sixty (60) days after the date on which the child is removed from the home; and

17. A finding that a child younger than four (4) years of age at the time of placement has been placed in foster care by the Department of Human Services for at least six (6) of the twelve (12) months preceding the filing of the petition or motion for termination of parental rights and the child cannot be safely returned to the home of the parent.

a. For purposes of this paragraph, a child shall be considered to have entered foster care on the earlier of:

(1) the adjudication date, or

(2) the date that is sixty (60) days after the date on which the child is removed from the home.

b. For purposes of this paragraph, the court may consider:

(1) circumstances of the failure of the parent to develop and maintain a parental bond with the child in a meaningful, supportive manner, and

(2) whether allowing the parent to have custody would likely cause the child actual serious psychological harm or harm in the near future as a result of the removal of the child from the substitute caregiver due to the existence of a strong, positive bond between the child and caregiver.

C. An order directing the termination of parental rights is a final appealable order.

D. The provisions of this section shall not apply to adoption proceedings and actions to terminate parental rights which do not involve a petition for deprived status of the child. Such proceedings and actions shall be governed by the Oklahoma Adoption Code.1